{"id":23989,"date":"2023-10-18T23:37:01","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T22:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/indolighting.com\/?p=23989"},"modified":"2026-09-29T20:15:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T19:15:17","slug":"led-tiesam-uzstadit-un-aizmirst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/led-tiesam-uzstadit-un-aizmirst\/","title":{"rendered":"LED: tie\u0161\u0101m uzst\u0101d\u012bt un aizmirst?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LED apgaismojuma ien\u0101k\u0161ana ir nesusi veselu virkni priek\u0161roc\u012bbu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar tradicion\u0101lajiem gaismas avotiem, samazinot ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u un apkopes izmaksas daudz\u0101s nozar\u0113s un lietojumos.<\/p>\n<p>Ener\u0123ijas ietaup\u012bjumu praks\u0113 ir viegli paman\u012bt, un da\u017e\u0101dus apgaismojuma risin\u0101jumus var sal\u012bdzin\u0101t, vienk\u0101r\u0161i sal\u012bdzinot to jaudu vatos.<\/p>\n<p>Savuk\u0101rt apkopes ietaup\u012bjumus bie\u017ei vien uzskata par pa\u0161saprotamiem. Protams, m\u0113s zin\u0101m, ka LED var kalpot visu m\u016b\u017eu, tad ko v\u0113l te b\u016btu j\u0101zina?  Vai tirg\u016b pieejamie risin\u0101jumi at\u0161\u0137iras? Un ja at\u0161\u0137iras, k\u0101 tos vislab\u0101k sal\u012bdzin\u0101t, lai samazin\u0101tu kop\u0113j\u0101s izmaksas vis\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laik\u0101?<\/p>\n<p>\u0160ie jaut\u0101jumi k\u013c\u016bst \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgi tur, kur apkopes izmaksas ir b\u016btiskas, piem\u0113ram, Londonas metro t\u012bkl\u0101, kur, k\u0101 zi\u0146ots, vienas spuldzes nomai\u0146a virs eskalatora var izmaks\u0101t vair\u0101k nek\u0101 \u00a31 000<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. Skaidrs, ka \u0161\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos ir v\u0113rts krietni pap\u016bl\u0113ties, lai boj\u0101jumus nov\u0113rstu.  Ielu apgaismojums, autoce\u013ci un ar\u012b autost\u0101vvietas ir citi piem\u0113ri, kur LED apkopes priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, visticam\u0101k, interes\u0113 vair\u0101k nek\u0101 ener\u0123ijas ietaup\u012bjums, ar ko t\u0101s, iesp\u0113jams, ir vislab\u0101k paz\u012bstamas.<\/p>\n<p>Lai atbild\u0113tu uz \u0161iem jaut\u0101jumiem, vispirms apl\u016bkosim boj\u0101jumu galven\u0101s kategorijas, ko apkopo t\u0101 saukt\u0101 vannas l\u012bkne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vannas l\u012bkne<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vannas l\u012bkne grafiski att\u0113lo sist\u0113mas boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101ti vis\u0101 t\u0101s kalpo\u0161anas laik\u0101. Taj\u0101 redzamas tr\u012bs at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas boj\u0101jumu f\u0101zes, ko bie\u017ei var izskaidrot ar konkr\u0113t\u0101s sist\u0113mas fizik\u0101laj\u0101m par\u0101d\u012bb\u0101m.  Statistiski l\u012bkne ir vair\u0101ku Veibula sadal\u012bjumu summa, un t\u0101s visp\u0101r\u012bg\u0101 forma raksturo boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101tes izmai\u0146as laik\u0101 \u013coti da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m: no elektrisk\u0101m sh\u0113m\u0101m un meh\u0101nisk\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m (piem\u0113ram, automa\u0161\u012bn\u0101m) l\u012bdz biolo\u0123isk\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m un pat cilv\u0113kiem.  L\u012bknes forma atg\u0101dina vannas profilu: sist\u0113mas boj\u0101juma varb\u016bt\u012bba s\u0101kum\u0101 ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i augsta, tad t\u0101 samazin\u0101s l\u012bdz stabilam l\u012bmenim un kalpo\u0161anas laika beig\u0101s atkal pieaug.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bathtub-graph.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1353 size-blog-grid\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Bathtub-graph-700x450.png\" alt=\"Vannas l\u012bknes grafiks\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Agr\u012bnie boj\u0101jumi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pirmaj\u0101 f\u0101z\u0113 boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te s\u0101kum\u0101 ir augsta, bet samazin\u0101s; \u0161\u012b f\u0101ze attiecas uz agr\u012bniem boj\u0101jumiem jeb <em>\u201eb\u0113rn\u012bbas\u201d boj\u0101jumiem<\/em>.  Tie bie\u017ei saist\u012bti ar sist\u0113mai rakstur\u012bgiem defektiem, kuru d\u0113\u013c t\u0101 saboj\u0101jas paredz\u0113t\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laika s\u0101kum\u0101.  Agr\u012bnu boj\u0101jumu c\u0113lo\u0146i var b\u016bt \u013coti da\u017e\u0101di: no \u0123en\u0113tikas biolo\u0123isk\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101 l\u012bdz boj\u0101t\u0101m deta\u013c\u0101m vai ra\u017eo\u0161anas defektiem cilv\u0113ka rad\u012btos izstr\u0101d\u0101jumos.  Parasti, kad \u0161\u012b agr\u012bno boj\u0101jumu f\u0101ze ir p\u0101rvar\u0113ta, sist\u0113mai var uztic\u0113ties vair\u0101k.  T\u016bl\u012bt p\u0113c ra\u017eo\u0161anas bie\u017ei veic r\u016bpn\u012bcas test\u0113\u0161anu, lai atkl\u0101tu vien\u012bbas ar agr\u012bniem boj\u0101jumiem un iz\u0146emtu t\u0101s no pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113des, pirms t\u0101s visp\u0101r non\u0101k pie klienta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nejau\u0161ie boj\u0101jumi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Otr\u0101 f\u0101ze ir sist\u0113mas norm\u0101las darb\u012bbas posms. Boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te sasniedz stabilu l\u012bmeni, un vien\u012bbas boj\u0101juma varb\u016bt\u012bba vairs nav atkar\u012bga no laika. T\u0101 ir visstabil\u0101k\u0101 sist\u0113mas kalpo\u0161anas laika da\u013ca, un boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te \u0161aj\u0101 posm\u0101 nosaka izstr\u0101d\u0101juma \u201euzticam\u012bbu\u201d.  Uzticam\u012bba ir statistisks j\u0113dziens, kas raksturo nejau\u0161a boj\u0101juma iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu (t. i., boj\u0101juma, kas nav atkar\u012bgs no citiem faktoriem, piem\u0113ram, kalpo\u0161anas laika).  \u0160is r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js nav saist\u012bts ar kalpo\u0161anas laiku, t\u0101p\u0113c, v\u0113rt\u0113jot jebkuru izstr\u0101d\u0101jumu, tas j\u0101apl\u016bko atsevi\u0161\u0137i.  Uzticam\u012bba par\u0101da, cik bie\u017ei norm\u0101las darb\u012bbas posm\u0101 j\u0101r\u0113\u0137in\u0101s ar nomai\u0146\u0101m.  No \u0161\u0101da veida boj\u0101jumiem nav iesp\u0113jams izvair\u012bties, un tie j\u0101iek\u013cauj jebkur\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laika izmaksu model\u012b.  Tom\u0113r tos bie\u017ei ne\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c boj\u0101jumi, kad tie notiek, ir p\u0101rsteigums.  Uzticam\u012bbu m\u0113ra ar <em>boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101ti<\/em>, kas nor\u0101da, cik nejau\u0161u boj\u0101jumu sagaid\u0101ms uz miljonu ier\u012bces darba stundu.  T\u0101 k\u0101 uzticam\u012bba attiecas uz nejau\u0161iem boj\u0101jumiem, boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te ir sp\u0113k\u0101, kam\u0113r sist\u0113ma ir norm\u0101las darb\u012bbas f\u0101z\u0113, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai v\u0113lamies noskaidrot iesp\u0113jamo boj\u0101jumu skaitu 100 izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem, kas darbojas 10 000 stundu, vai 10 000 izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem, kas darbojas 100 stundu. Uzticam\u012bbas in\u017eenierija ir atsevi\u0161\u0137a discipl\u012bna, kas ietver sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu apr\u0113\u0137inu un mode\u013cu kopumu sist\u0113mas uzticam\u012bbas noteik\u0161anai, balstoties uz t\u0101d\u0101m atz\u012bt\u0101m metodik\u0101m k\u0101 MIL-HDBK-217F.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kalpo\u0161anas laika beigu boj\u0101jumi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sist\u0113mas kalpo\u0161anas laika p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 f\u0101ze ir kalpo\u0161anas laika beigas.  \u0160aj\u0101 posm\u0101 boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te nolietojuma d\u0113\u013c s\u0101k pieaugt, un to bie\u017ei d\u0113v\u0113 par izstr\u0101d\u0101juma <em>paredzamo kalpo\u0161anas laiku<\/em> vai <em>nomin\u0101lo kalpo\u0161anas laiku<\/em>.  Nolietojumu bie\u017ei izraisa konkr\u0113tas sist\u0113mas da\u013cas, kas savas b\u016bt\u012bbas vai novietojuma d\u0113\u013c ir pak\u013cautas nodilumam; tom\u0113r daudz\u0101m deta\u013c\u0101m nolietojuma nav visp\u0101r.  Elektronik\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laika beigu ietekmes zi\u0146\u0101 j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 vair\u0101kas galven\u0101s deta\u013cas, un viena no t\u0101m ir elektrol\u012btiskais kondensators.  \u0160\u012bm deta\u013c\u0101m ir noteikts nomin\u0101lais kalpo\u0161anas laiks, un laika gait\u0101 t\u0101s nolietojas.  Meh\u0101nik\u0101 viegli izt\u0113lojams piem\u0113rs ir zobrata zobi, kas sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 nodilst, l\u012bdz beidzot vairs nedarbojas pareizi.<\/p>\n<p>Sist\u0113mas paredzamo kalpo\u0161anas laiku bie\u017ei apr\u0113\u0137ina p\u0113c sist\u0113m\u0101 izmantoto nolietojamo deta\u013cu ra\u017eot\u0101ja nor\u0101d\u012bjumiem vai ar pa\u0101trin\u0101tas kalpo\u0161anas laika test\u0113\u0161anas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. \u0160\u0101dos testos sist\u0113mu pak\u013cauj ekstrem\u0101liem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, un p\u0113c tam ar matem\u0101tisku sakar\u012bbu no ekstrem\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cos nov\u0113rot\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laika apr\u0113\u0137ina paredzamo kalpo\u0161anas laiku norm\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u0101 to iek\u013caut izmaksu model\u012b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Apgaismojum\u0101, ja nomai\u0146as izmaksas ir vid\u0113jas vai augstas, parasti ir lietder\u012bgi norm\u0101las darb\u012bbas posm\u0101 veikt reakt\u012bvo apkopi (t. i., nomain\u012bt nejau\u0161i saboj\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s vien\u012bbas) un masveida moderniz\u0101ciju veikt tuvu izstr\u0101d\u0101juma \u201eparedzamajam kalpo\u0161anas laikam\u201d, jo l\u012bdz tam br\u012bdim atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s nomai\u0146as k\u013c\u016bst gr\u016bti p\u0101rvald\u0101mas.<\/p>\n<p>Izstr\u0101d\u0101juma vai instal\u0101cijas kop\u0113j\u0101s kalpo\u0161anas laika izmaksas parasti veido \u0161\u0101di elementi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vien\u012bbas s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s izmaksas<\/li>\n<li>S\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas izmaksas<\/li>\n<li>Gada ener\u0123ijas izmaksas * kalpo\u0161anas laiks<\/li>\n<li>Gada CRC izmaksas * kalpo\u0161anas laiks<\/li>\n<li>Reakt\u012bv\u0101s apkopes komponente<\/li>\n<li>T\u012br\u012b\u0161anas izmaksas<\/li>\n<li>Test\u0113\u0161anas izmaksas<\/li>\n<li>Utiliz\u0101cijas izmaksas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0113c tam \u0161\u012bs kop\u0113j\u0101s izmaksas j\u0101izdala ar vien\u012bbas kalpo\u0161anas laiku, lai ieg\u016btu gada izmaksas, ko var sal\u012bdzin\u0101t k\u0101 vien\u0101du r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju da\u017e\u0101diem apgaismojuma risin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ietekme uz apgaismojumu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No iepriek\u0161 teikt\u0101 redzams, ka efekt\u012bvs veids, k\u0101 samazin\u0101t instal\u0101cijas gada izmaksas, ir pagarin\u0101t izstr\u0101d\u0101juma kalpo\u0161anas laiku.  T\u0101 fiks\u0113t\u0101s izmaksas sadal\u0101s uz liel\u0101ku darb\u012bbas gadu skaitu.  K\u0101 jau min\u0113j\u0101m, vien\u012bbas kalpo\u0161anas laiku nosaka nolietojam\u0101s deta\u013cas, un tradicion\u0101lajos LED draiveros t\u0101 bie\u017ei ir elektrol\u012btiskais kondensators.  Sist\u0113mas kalpo\u0161anas laiku var iev\u0113rojami pagarin\u0101t ar konstrukcij\u0101m, kur\u0101s \u0161\u0101du deta\u013cu nav visp\u0101r; vair\u0101ki apgaismojuma ra\u017eot\u0101ji \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101 g\u016bst pan\u0101kumus, piem\u0113ram, INDO ar savu Direct Drive\u00ae tehnolo\u0123iju.<\/p>\n<p>Izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem ar augstu uzticam\u012bbu reakt\u012bv\u0101s apkopes komponente ir maz\u0101ka nek\u0101 izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem ar zemu uzticam\u012bbu.  Uzticam\u012bbu nosaka boj\u0101jumu intensit\u0101te, un ir svar\u012bgi saprast, ka t\u0101 nav saist\u012bta ar kalpo\u0161anas laiku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secin\u0101jumi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lai izprastu apgaismojuma instal\u0101cijas paties\u0101s kalpo\u0161anas laika izmaksas, oblig\u0101ti j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 gan <em>kalpo\u0161anas laiks<\/em>, gan <em>uzticam\u012bba<\/em>.  Tikai ar \u0161o inform\u0101ciju var patie\u0161\u0101m sal\u012bdzin\u0101t divus risin\u0101jumus vien\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos un noteikt, cik liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir pamatota filozofija \u201e<em>uzst\u0101di un aizmirsti<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8220;The one factor driving the adoption of LED lighting on the Tube&#8221;, http:\/\/luxreview.com\/article\/2015\/06\/the-one-factor-driving-the-adoption-of-led-lighting-on-the-tube, 2015. gada 26. j\u016bnijs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LED apgaismojuma ien\u0101k\u0161ana ir nesusi veselu virkni priek\u0161roc\u012bbu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar tradicion\u0101lajiem gaismas avotiem, samazinot ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u un apkopes izmaksas daudz\u0101s nozar\u0113s un lietojumos. Ener\u0123ijas ietaup\u012bjumu praks\u0113 ir viegli paman\u012bt, un da\u017e\u0101dus apgaismojuma risin\u0101jumus var sal\u012bdzin\u0101t, vienk\u0101r\u0161i sal\u012bdzinot to jaudu vatos. Savuk\u0101rt apkopes ietaup\u012bjumus bie\u017ei vien uzskata par pa\u0161saprotamiem. Protams, m\u0113s zin\u0101m, ka LED var kalpot [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":19487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23989"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23990,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23989\/revisions\/23990"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indolighting.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}